Today I presented at the Salt Lake City SharePoint User Group on SharePoint Branding... I've included my slide deck, and some of my speaking notes in the slides here, if you'd like a copy.
The 4 categories hit upon (high level, with a few specific examples) were Out-of-Box Styling, Theme Modifications, CSS Override, and Custom Master pages and CSS.
Thanx to the whole MOSSPit crew for pulling together the meeting, and supporting this communitee effort!